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The Saudi-led coalition said it intercepted a ballistic missile fired toward Riyadh and two more toward Khamis Mushait late on Monday, as the Houthis claimed hits on the capital's airport and King Khalid Air Base. The Houthis also reported overnight airstrikes on Kamaran Island, the Hodeida coast and al-Jawf, and warned the United States of a painful response if it joins the Saudi campaign.

Drones hit two merchant ships off Bulgaria's Black Sea coast overnight, sinking one vessel east of Krapets and leaving 11 of its 16 crew missing, Bulgarian officials said on Tuesday. All 15 crew of the second ship, the Ukrainian-owned Chelsea 3, were rescued and taken to Varna. Prime Minister Rumen Radev said there was no conclusive evidence of who carried out the attacks, but he summoned Russia's ambassador and informed NATO and the EU.

The Saudi-led coalition on Tuesday urged civilians to evacuate the Yemen Oil Company's al-Sabahah central station in Sanaa ahead of a planned military operation, hours after it said three drones had been destroyed north of Riyadh. The Houthis answered that any strike on Sanaa would bring a harsh response in Riyadh and warned workers and civilians to stay away from Saudi Aramco oil facilities, which they called legitimate targets.

The Saudi-led coalition said on Tuesday evening that it had attacked the al-Sabahah fuel station in Sanaa and other sites in Sanaa, Hodeidah and Dhamar, hours after ordering civilians to evacuate the station. Al Jazeera's team in Sanaa reported explosions at the station and strikes on oil storage at Ras Isa port. Yemen's oil company said the Sanaa facility held no fuel stocks. No casualty figures were reported, and the Houthis renewed warnings against Saudi Aramco facilities.

Ethiopian government troops advanced on Tuesday to Zalambessa, a town of about 15,000 on the border with Eritrea that Tigrayan rebels previously controlled, six sources told Reuters. Witnesses and a conflict monitor said Eritrean troops had crossed into the town last week in support of the rebels — an incursion Eritrea denies. Both countries have written to the UN Security Council, and its members were due to meet behind closed doors on Tuesday.

The Falklands War explained: from 2 April to 14 June 1982, Argentina and the United Kingdom fought a 74-day undeclared war over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Argentina invaded; a British task force sailed 8,000 miles to retake them. 907 people died, Argentina's junta fell, and the sovereignty dispute remains unresolved.

The Kremlin said on Tuesday that contacts about the Russia-Ukraine energy ceasefire announced by President Donald Trump on Sunday are continuing, but offered no details, no scope and no confirmation that Moscow has agreed to anything. Ukraine says Russia has already violated the announcement, the EU has imposed new sanctions, and Russia's Defence Ministry says its overnight strikes hit no Ukrainian energy targets.

Russia's government is discussing the problems facing Yandex after Ukrainian strikes took three of its data centres out of action in less than a week, the Kremlin said on Tuesday. Yandex has said its Vladimir data centre shut down completely on Sunday, following earlier strikes in the Kaluga region and at Sasovo, where two of the supercomputers used to develop its AI model are housed.

NATO's €1 billion Innovation Fund is expanding into Poland and hunting for direct investments in counter-drone systems and space-based surveillance, its president told Reuters on Tuesday, in the clearest sign yet that lessons from Ukraine's war are resetting the alliance's technology priorities. The fund, backed by 24 NATO nations, will open a presence in Warsaw and look beyond traditional defence contractors.

The risk of famine is growing across Sudan's Greater Darfur and Greater Kordofan as war, displacement and an El Niño drought combine, the UN-backed IPC hunger monitor warned on Monday. Thirteen of 17 nutrition surveys in Greater Darfur since January found critical malnutrition, more than 300,000 people have fled Greater Kordofan since October 2025, and less than half of Sudan's humanitarian appeal was funded as of October 8.

North Korea launched multiple ballistic missiles toward the sea off its east coast on Monday morning, South Korea's military said — its fourth launch in a month, days after South Korea test-fired a hypersonic missile. One type flew more than 900 km, and Seoul convened an emergency security meeting and condemned the launches as violations of UN Security Council resolutions.

The skies over Riyadh were largely empty on Monday after the weekend Houthi attacks on King Khalid International Airport, Reuters reported, with about 78% of the airport's flights estimated cancelled for the day, 99.7% cancelled on Sunday, and Lufthansa and Air France-KLM extending suspensions. More than a third of flights across Saudi Arabia were not expected to operate.

Saudi state media said Saudi forces responded on Monday to a drone and cruise missile attack from Yemen, while Houthi-run authorities said airstrikes on Sanaa and the northern province of al-Jawf killed 10 people and wounded 19 — figures and blame that rest on Houthi sources, with no Saudi comment on the Yemen strikes in the reporting. Reuters separately reported a new barrage of incoming fire on Saudi Arabia and intensified Saudi airstrikes.

India's foreign ministry said two Indian seafarers were missing after a drone struck the tanker MT Petro Dolphin in the Strait of Hormuz area on Sunday, while a second tanker, MT Valthera, was hit by an unknown projectile and caught fire with all 11 Indian crew reported safe. India condemned the attacks; no attacker has been identified, and one maritime-safety account differed on whether the Petro Dolphin's crew were all safe.

Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport will stay closed until 2100 GMT on October 17 under a Notice to Air Missions issued Monday, Reuters reported, as Delta Air Lines pushed its planned Atlanta–Riyadh launch to March 2027 and the FAA advised US carriers to exercise caution over Saudi Arabia after the weekend Houthi attacks.

Prime Minister Andy Burnham told parliament on Monday that the suspected plot against RAF Fairford, the Gloucestershire base used by US bombers for strikes on Iran, was highly likely coordinated in Iran and almost certainly directed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Iran's ambassador rejected any connection, and all seven arrested men have been released on bail without charge.

Saudi Arabia's public early-warning system issued no alerts before the four Riyadh attacks of the past week, which Reuters put at at least 18 killed and more than 300 wounded, and the government has not explained the silence. Civil defence issued its first threat alerts since September 29 on Monday, as the coalition reported destroying another ballistic missile fired toward the capital.

An energy ceasefire is a limited deal to stop attacks on each other's energy infrastructure — power plants, grids, refineries and fuel depots — while the wider war continues. This explainer sets out how the Ukraine-Russia version announced by Donald Trump is supposed to work, why the two sides define it differently, and why previous announcements unravelled.

An Israeli strike killed at least two Palestinians in the southern Gaza Strip on Monday and a strike on a tent in the Mawasi area killed three people late on Sunday, medics told Reuters, as Israel said it was targeting militants and Hamas denied rearming under the year-old US-brokered ceasefire.

The Peloponnesian War explained: from 431 to 404 BC, Athens and its Delian League allies fought Sparta and the Peloponnesian League for hegemony over Greece. Plague, the disastrous Sicilian Expedition, and Persian money decided a war that ended Athens' empire and its golden age.

Turkey, Pakistan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia — the R4 group — condemned the Houthi attacks on Riyadh's airport as a dangerous escalation and backed Saudi countermeasures, while the Saudi-led coalition said on Monday it had intercepted a drone in the Eastern Province and a ballistic missile fired toward Khamis Mushait.

President Volodymyr Zelenskiy accused Russia on Monday of violating the energy ceasefire announced by Donald Trump, pointing to a strike on a Kharkiv thermal power plant, as EU ministers approved nearly 1,600 new sanctions listings and the Kremlin rejected Zelenskiy's offer of a 60-day ceasefire to hold elections.

Yandex said on Sunday that a drone attack damaged its data centre in the Vladimir region, east of Moscow, forcing a complete shutdown with no injuries. The Associated Press reported it as a Ukrainian drone attack — the third Yandex facility hit in four days, after Sasovo on Thursday and Kaluga on Friday.

At least 627 flights were cancelled on Sunday and King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh is expected to stay closed until 9 p.m. local time after Saturday's deadly attack, while the UN envoy for Yemen called it 'a grave escalation' and President Trump said he will speak with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman as Washington weighs joining strikes on the Houthis.

Yemen's Houthis on Sunday renewed their warning to airlines, airport workers and travellers against using Saudi airports — and Saudi airspace — a day after a missile strike on Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport killed 12 people and wounded 309. The kingdom's civil aviation body extended the airport's closure as condemnations poured in and Trump weighed US strikes.

A senior Ukrainian official told the Financial Times that Kyiv will keep attacking Russia's oil refineries — 'We will burn [Russian] refineries' — despite Donald Trump's deal with Vladimir Putin to release Russian diesel onto world markets. The vow deepens a rift that has Trump suggesting Ukraine needs 'a new leader' and Kyiv warning the diesel deal is an 'investment in a war that must be ended.'

The death toll from Saturday's Russian glide-bomb strike on residential buildings in Zaporizhzhia rose to 20, including three children, President Zelensky said — with CNN later reporting 23 killed including four children. The attack, which Zelensky tied to the US-Russia diesel deal, was the third mass-casualty strike on Ukraine this week.

President Donald Trump announced on Sunday that Russia and Ukraine have agreed an 'energy ceasefire' taking effect immediately, writing on Truth Social that 'both parties have agreed.' Reuters reported there was no immediate confirmation from Kyiv or Moscow, while President Volodymyr Zelensky said the announcement was 'news' to him but that Ukraine would agree 'if Russians agree.'

A projectile hit Terminal 4 at Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport on Sunday, starting a fire and injuring an unspecified number of people, a day after a strike there killed 13 — and Saudi authorities later confirmed Dammam's King Fahd International Airport had also been struck. The Houthis claimed responsibility for both days' attacks, including strikes on two Saudi Aramco facilities.

President Volodymyr Zelensky said on Sunday that Russian forces kept striking Ukrainian energy targets after President Donald Trump announced an 'energy ceasefire' — including a strike on a combined heating and power plant in Kharkiv during his nightly address. Kyiv says it supports the ceasefire and is awaiting details from Washington; Moscow has not reacted.

Saudi Arabia's civil aviation authority said in an early-Monday update that Sunday's strike on Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport killed a Pakistani resident and injured 11 people — and the Saudi and Iranian foreign ministers spoke for the first time since the Houthi attacks intensified, with Tehran offering to help facilitate dialogue between Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

Russian attacks killed six people in two Ukrainian cities on Sunday, including three at a grocery store near Kharkiv, Ukrainian officials said — the same day President Trump announced an energy ceasefire that Moscow has not confirmed. Britain, France, Canada and the EU backed the ceasefire call, while Canada's prime minister renewed criticism of the US-Russia diesel deal.

From 264 to 146 BC the Roman Republic and Carthage fought three wars — 43 years of actual fighting — for the western Mediterranean. Hannibal's march over the Alps and the slaughter at Cannae are the famous episodes; the endpoint was the siege and razing of Carthage and Rome's emergence as an imperial power.

At least seven people, including three children, were killed and 10 or more wounded when Russian aerial bombs struck residential areas of Zaporizhzhia in the early hours of Saturday, Ukrainian officials said, continuing a four-day bombardment that officials say has killed more than 55 people.

President Trump announced a Russian diesel-supply deal after a call with Vladimir Putin, with the US Treasury issuing a temporary sanctions license. Hours later, a reported drone attack set a fuel-loading terminal in Russia's Rostov region ablaze, and Zelenskyy condemned the deal as an investment in Russia's war.

Twelve months after the October 10, 2025 ceasefire, more than 100 humanitarian organizations say the truce exists 'in name only': Israeli strikes have continued, Israeli control has expanded to around two-thirds of Gaza, and the disarmament and reconstruction phases of Trump's 20-point plan have stalled.

Saudi Arabia has ruled out any ceasefire with the Houthis until the Yemeni government retakes territory lost in recent weeks, AFP reports. Riyadh's return to full-scale war follows a chain of miscalculations — a shattered alliance with the UAE, a Houthi offensive nobody was ready for, and an American ally that declined to intervene.

More than 100 civilians were killed and at least 429 injured across Ukraine this week, the UN told the Security Council on Friday, as Russian strikes hit cities, power infrastructure, and — in a Saturday morning attack on Zaporizhzhia — residential buildings. In occupied Oleshky, civilians are surviving 'desperate conditions' with no water, electricity, or gas.

Russian missiles struck Kyiv on Saturday afternoon, targeting energy facilities, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said — hours after the Zaporizhzhia death toll rose to 12, including three children. The attacks came as US-Ukrainian talks in Miami ended ahead of schedule amid a dispute over Ukrainian strikes on Russian refineries.

A missile struck King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh on Saturday, hitting Terminals 3 and 4 and wounding dozens of people, Saudi officials said. President Donald Trump said the United States 'may' join Saudi strikes on Yemen's Houthis — the most direct US signal of potential intervention since the airport attacks began this week.

A drone strike on Friday in Sudan's southeastern Blue Nile state killed at least 30 displaced people — 26 women and four children — the provincial governor told Al Jazeera, blaming the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. A rights group put the toll at 41, as the United Nations condemned the attack on a displacement camp near the Ethiopian border.

Saudi Arabia's civil aviation authority says at least 12 people were killed and 309 wounded in Saturday's attack on King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh — including one American citizen, confirmed by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio. A Saudi-led coalition vowed to respond, and President Donald Trump said Washington 'may' join strikes on the Houthis.

President Donald Trump told reporters on Saturday it was 'time for Ukraine to get a new president,' blaming Volodymyr Zelensky for the war's continuation and for Ukrainian strikes on Russian refineries that he says drive up global diesel prices. The remarks mark the lowest point in the two leaders' relationship since last year's Oval Office clash.

The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) was an intermittent 116-year struggle between England and France over the French throne and English lands in France. Opening English victories at Crécy and Poitiers gave way to a French recovery crowned by Joan of Arc — and a final French victory that reshaped warfare, taxation, and the modern state.

US envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner meet Ukrainian representatives in Miami on Friday to try to produce a unified proposal for ending the war. Secretary of State Marco Rubio called the conflict a 'dangerous stalemate' — an assessment the Kremlin said it agreed with — as both sides escalate strikes on each other's economies.

Saudi Arabia's civil aviation authority said on Friday that three Saudi nationals were killed and several people were injured in two attacks on Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport on Thursday. The national carrier Saudia identified one of the dead as its pilot, Captain Hamoud Ali Al-Kalthami, as Lufthansa and Indian airlines suspended Riyadh services and the Houthi leader warned of a long conflict.

Hezbollah has received $200 million from Iran to help Lebanese displaced by this year's war with Israel, two people with direct knowledge of the transfer told Reuters — the first significant aid from the group to supporters who bore the brunt of the conflict. The United States disputes the claim, saying the money 'is not there.'

The UN Security Council met on Friday amid a warning that Yemen has fallen back into full-scale war, with more than 200,000 people displaced and fighting intensifying around Taiz. On the same day, Europe's aviation regulator widened its Saudi airspace alert and a major flight-safety group told airlines to avoid Saudi Arabia entirely after Houthi missile strikes on Riyadh's airport killed three people.

Ukraine's military said on Friday that it hit three facilities involved in missile production across Russia overnight, including a factory in the Tver region that makes missile components and a centre in the Nizhny Novgorod region for disassembling intercontinental ballistic missiles. Russian regional governors confirmed drone attacks at both sites, with one serviceman reported killed.

A fully laden crude supertanker was struck by an unknown projectile off the UAE coast on Friday, UKMTO said, as Iran claimed it hit a gas carrier in the Strait of Hormuz and warned it would punish vessels using routes it has not authorized anywhere in the region.

The Austro-Prussian War of 1866 — the Seven Weeks' War — was Bismarck's deliberately staged showdown for the leadership of Germany. Prussia crushed Austria at Königgrätz on 3 July, dissolved the German Confederation, created the North German Confederation, and settled the 'German question' on Prussian terms. Austria lost no territory but was expelled from German affairs; Italy gained Venetia.

Sudan's civil war, which erupted in Khartoum in April 2023, pits the Sudanese Armed Forces against the Rapid Support Forces paramilitary. Three and a half years on, the war has displaced 14 million people, split the country east to west, and turned the Kordofan region into its central battleground — while the army chief vows to retake 'every inch' of territory.

The war impact on markets this week ran through crude oil: Brent surged about 5% Thursday after a tanker was struck deep inside the Persian Gulf, then eased Friday as President Trump ruled out an Iran strike before the US midterms. Brent closed the week near $102.90, up roughly 3.5% on the week. Figures checked Friday, October 9, 2026, 4:30 PM Central Time.

Yemen's Houthi movement said on Thursday it had attacked King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh with a ballistic missile, Reuters reported — a fresh claim hours after Saudi Arabia said a midweek strike on the same airport killed one person. Separately, Pakistan's military confirmed on Wednesday that Pakistani forces are stationed in Saudi Arabia under the new Saudi-Turkish-Pakistani mutual defense pact.

Gulf stock markets fell in early trade on Thursday, October 8, 2026, as attacks on tankers in the Strait of Hormuz reached their highest levels of the war, Reuters reported. The latest strike came Wednesday, when a tanker was hit by multiple projectiles 51 nautical miles north of Qatar, causing casualties, the UK Maritime Trade Operations said.

Pakistan's military has confirmed its forces are stationed in Saudi Arabia, days after the two countries and Turkey activated the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement — as Houthi missile attacks on Saudi airports killed three people this week.

A Russian bomb attack on a street in the eastern Ukrainian city of Kramatorsk killed at least 12 people and wounded 14 on Thursday, October 8, 2026, Ukrainian authorities said, hitting two city buses and a bus stop.

Top US and Russian officials — including special envoy Jared Kushner and Putin adviser Kirill Dmitriev — have held talks about bringing a US investor into the Nord Stream pipelines, Reuters reported on October 8, 2026. The White House downplayed the report.

The Bab al-Mandeb — the narrow 'Gate of Tears' between Yemen and the Horn of Africa — links the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean and the Suez Canal. With Houthi forces seizing control of its shores and Gulf states counterattacking, here is why this strait matters to the world economy.

At least 33 people were killed and 18 wounded in a Russian bomb strike on a Kramatorsk street where two city buses were operating on October 8, 2026 — the deadliest single strike in Ukraine this year, according to AFP and CNN, far above the toll reported in the morning's first accounts.

Yemen's Houthis said Thursday they had attacked two Saudi airports and an air base for a third straight day, while their leader warned Riyadh to prepare for a lengthy conflict. Lufthansa and Air India suspended Riyadh flights, Saudi Arabia said debris from intercepted missiles damaged a kindergarten and a clinic, and the coalition said it hit 82 Houthi targets.

President Trump said Thursday the U.S. will not attack Iran before the November 3 midterms, after Axios reported the Pentagon ordered CENTCOM to finish preparations for a possible resumption of major combat operations. Separately, Reuters reported Iran warned regional states it would treat any new unauthorized oil-export routes as hostile — and a chemical tanker was hit by projectiles off Qatar.

Ukraine's General Staff said on Thursday that its forces struck the Gazpromneft refinery in Omsk, Russia's largest refinery, some 2,500 km from Ukraine — the second attack on the plant since a July drone strike halted its operations. The Omsk region governor said an industrial zone was hit by a drone, without giving details.

The War of 1812 (1812–1815) began with British seizures of American ships and sailors and ended in a draw the treaty barely mentioned. Fought mainly over neutral trading rights, it failed to conquer Canada, burned Washington, killed some 37,000 people across three nations — and left the United States, Canada, and Britain's relationship permanently changed.

Russia launched a large overnight barrage of drones and missiles at Ukraine on October 7, 2026, killing at least eight people, Ukrainian officials said. Moscow claimed a 'massive strike' on military-industrial sites including the Fire Point company that builds Ukraine's Flamingo cruise missiles.

Two missiles targeted Aden's international airport early Wednesday, officials said, as fighting intensifies between the Houthis and Saudi-backed Yemeni government forces along the Bab al-Mandeb Strait. The strikes follow Houthi attacks on two Saudi airports and a government counteroffensive to retake the Red Sea coast.

The UN World Food Programme condemned an aerial attack that killed a driver of two clearly marked aid trucks in Sudan's South Kordofan, calling for a prompt investigation. The incident lands as a senior U.S. envoy met Sudanese army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan in Egypt — while Burhan publicly vows to keep fighting the RSF.

The Liberia-flagged crude tanker Aframax Rio caught fire in the Black Sea off Sochi on October 6 after an attack by an unmanned vessel, Russia's transport ministry said; all 23 crew members were rescued. The incident extends a sharp escalation in strikes on commercial shipping in the Black Sea.

The UN migration agency says more than 200,000 people have fled their homes since fighting in Yemen reignited in early September, while the World Food Programme warns food insecurity is steeply increasing — with wheat flour prices up 10% in two weeks in parts of Ta'iz.

Syria is considering providing military assistance to Saudi Arabia — from defensive aid to a possible troop deployment against the Houthis in Yemen — Reuters reported on October 7, 2026, citing a US official and a Syrian military official, after President al-Sharaa's visit to Riyadh.

Houthi missile strikes on Saudi Arabia's King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh and Abha International Airport killed three people and wounded 36 on October 6–7, 2026, Saudi aviation authorities said — the first reported Houthi attack on Riyadh's main airport in this phase of the Yemen war.

In less than a year, two Balkan wars stripped the Ottoman Empire of almost all its European territory, doubled Serbia and Greece, and lit the fuse of 1914. Why the wars started, what they cost, and why historian Richard C. Hall calls them the first phase of the First World War.

The Strait of Hormuz is the world's most important energy chokepoint — roughly a fifth of global petroleum liquids moved through it before the 2026 conflict, per EIA data. This explainer covers where it is, why it matters, what happens when it is disrupted, and how the current Iran conflict has reshaped flows.

Russian officials said more than 650 Ukrainian drones targeted Moscow and the surrounding region overnight on October 5–6, 2026, with the Volodarsk oil depot near the capital reported as one of the targets. Moscow region Governor Andrei Vorobyov said two people were killed and nine injured.

Yemen's government announced Operation 'Dawn of Yemen' on October 5, 2026, and claimed on Monday to have retaken key positions around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, backed by 100 Saudi coalition fighter jets. The Houthis deny the advances; neither claim has been independently verified.

Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan agreed on October 5, 2026 to activate their Mecca Joint Defence Agreement for the first time, beginning rapid deployment of military forces to the kingdom after an emergency Riyadh meeting on escalating Houthi attacks.

A Turkish-owned grain ship carrying corn caught fire and sank in Romania's exclusive economic zone on October 5, 2026, killing two crew members. Ukraine's president blamed Russian drones; Romanian authorities have not named a cause, and Russia has not responded.

A year after the October 2025 Gaza ceasefire, Israel occupies around two-thirds of the enclave, Hamas has not disarmed, the international stabilization force has yet to deploy, and reconstruction has not begun — a Reuters one-year assessment of where the 20-point plan stands.

Saudi Arabia's aviation authority said airports in Jazan and Najran were hit on Monday evening, injuring three people, as Saudi-backed Yemeni forces press a major offensive against the Houthis near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

The Azawad Liberation Front said on Tuesday it was leaving the strategic northern town of Kidal — which it seized with al-Qaeda-linked fighters in April — in response to airstrikes by Mali's military backed by Russian fighters.

Two merchant vessels were hit by air and sea drones in Bulgaria's exclusive economic zone on October 6, 2026 — the first such attack in NATO-member waters. The Togo-flagged Alfa Watan sank and its crew is missing; 18 crew members of the Palau-flagged Able were rescued. Responsibility is unclaimed and disputed.

Two Houthi missiles targeted Aden's international airport early Wednesday, Reuters reported — the first strike on the Yemeni government's seat of power in the current escalation, hours after Saudi Arabia's coalition said it intercepted a Houthi missile heading for Khamis Mushait.

Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait triggered a UN-authorized coalition and a lightning campaign that ended in decisive victory — and left Saddam Hussein in power. The Gulf War was the first major crisis of the post-Cold War era, and its unfinished business led straight to 2003.

Russia carried out massive air strikes on industrial and port infrastructure in Ukraine's Odesa region early Monday, October 5, with Kyiv reporting one person killed and six injured in a separate strike on Kharkiv. Moscow says it hit ports, fuel depots and cargo vessels it claims serve military purposes; neither side's claims have been independently verified.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said on October 4 that the United States is pressing for technical-level trilateral talks with Russia by the end of October, with Kyiv ready to take part in the UAE or another US-proposed venue. The push coincides with India's expanded mediation effort, focused on Black Sea shipping, grain and energy.

Sudan's army says it captured the strategic town of al-Mazroub in North Kordofan on Friday and dealt a 'knockout blow' to the RSF and SPLM-N in Blue Nile state on Saturday. The RSF still controls almost all of Darfur, and the humanitarian catastrophe — 19.5 million facing acute hunger — is deepening regardless of who holds the map.

Ukraine is navigating its biggest budget crisis since Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022: the war costs about $190 million a day, tax revenue is falling, Russian strikes have shut steel plants and cut grain exports by more than a third, and Kyiv needs $56 billion to plug this year's funding gap.

Fighting has returned to Ethiopia's Tigray region in 2026 after the 2022 Pretoria peace deal broke down: a seven-group rebel alliance attacked on September 23, Ethiopian forces retook the capital Mekelle on October 4, and Addis Ababa has severed ties with Eritrea. Analysts warn the conflict could spread across the Horn of Africa.

Airstrikes on camps for internally displaced people in Rakhine State's Ponnagyun township killed eight people and injured 13 over Sunday and Monday, the Arakan Army and the Ponnagyun Youth Association said on October 5, 2026. The figures have not been independently verified; Myanmar's government did not comment.

Saudi-backed Yemeni government forces claimed on Monday, October 5, 2026, to have seized large parts of the Dhubab district overlooking the Bab el-Mandeb strait in the 'Dawn of Yemen' offensive, with a Saudi-led air campaign flying 100 jets. Houthi-aligned media denied any advances; neither claim has been independently verified.

Israel struck Beirut's southern suburbs on Sunday, October 4, 2026, after saying it intercepted two projectiles launched by Hezbollah, and ordered most of the southern city of Tyre to evacuate. Strikes continued across south Lebanon into Monday, further straining a ceasefire AFP says was never fully respected.

Overnight into Monday, October 5, 2026, airstrikes and artillery fire struck northern Tigray, aid sources told Reuters — killing at least 17 people around Adwa and Sheraro, northwest of the capital Mekelle, which federal forces seized over the weekend. The toll has not been independently verified.

Yemeni government forces backed by heavy Saudi air power reached the outskirts of the Red Sea port city of Mokha late on Monday, October 5, 2026, four government sources told Reuters — the second day of 'Operation Dawn of Yemen.' The Defense Ministry said the city had fallen; Reuters could not independently verify the extent of the gains, and the Houthis called the claims baseless.

Russian bombs struck a residential area of Kharkiv on Monday, October 5, 2026, killing at least five people and injuring more than 50, regional governor Oleh Syniehubov said — hours after spillover from a Russian attack on Ukraine injured a Moldovan border guard at the Palanca crossing with Moldova.

The Seven Years' War, explained: fought from 1756 to 1763 across Europe, North America, India, the Caribbean, and West Africa, it was the first truly global war — a conflict Winston Churchill's chapter on it calls 'The First World War.' It ended with Britain dominant, France's colonial empire destroyed, and Prussia confirmed as a great power.

Ethiopian government forces and allied militias regained control of Mekelle, the capital of the Tigray region, three sources told Reuters on Sunday — a major blow the TPLF-led opposition alliance publicly acknowledged in a statement announcing its retreat.

Saudi Arabia is preparing a military offensive against the Houthis in Yemen — led by Yemeni ground forces with Saudi air support and expected in the coming weeks — aimed at reversing Houthi gains and retaking the Bab el-Mandeb strait, six people with knowledge of the preparations told Reuters on October 2.

President Volodymyr Zelensky told Reuters on October 3 that Ukraine will double down on attacks against Russian oil refineries in response to what he described as a new Russian doctrine of airstrikes meant to force civilians to abandon Kyiv — even as a Russian drone struck the capital's North Bridge during German Chancellor Friedrich Merz's unannounced visit on October 4.

A year after the Gaza ceasefire took effect in October 2025, the agreement holds in name but not in substance: more than 1,400 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli fire since it began, per Gaza health officials cited by Reuters, and the core issues it deferred — Hamas's disarmament and a full Israeli withdrawal — remain unresolved.

Yemen's Houthis said Saturday they hit an Aramco oil facility near the Saudi capital with ballistic missiles and drones; an AFP journalist saw flames, smoke and firefighters at the refinery, while the Saudi-led coalition called the claim 'misleading' and Saudi authorities did not confirm the cause of the fire.

Yemen's Presidential Leadership Council head Rashad al-Alimi announced Sunday the start of a major military campaign to recapture all territory held by the Houthis, with the Saudi-led coalition pledging full operational support — escalating the Yemen conflict to its most intense phase since the 2022 truce.

The Pentagon confirmed Sunday that all twelve B-1 bombers stationed at RAF Fairford have been redeployed to the United States, a week after British police arrested six people over a suspected plot targeting the base — the airfield the US has used for strikes against Iran. Britain says there are 'strong indications' of Iranian involvement; Tehran denies it.

Kyiv says it intercepted a Russian operational plan for a winter campaign of up to 1,000 strikes on Ukraine's energy system, including the switchyards linking its three operating nuclear plants to the grid. The New York Times obtained a copy; neither it nor The Times has independently authenticated the document.

The Sudanese Armed Forces announced on October 2 that they had taken al-Mazroub, the administrative capital of West Bara Locality, in their monthslong North Kordofan offensive. Geolocated video reviewed by the Sudan War Monitor confirms army and allied units inside the town; the RSF has not publicly responded.

A Russian strike damaged Kyiv's Northern Bridge early Saturday, suspending traffic for a third straight day as Moscow's campaign against the capital's Dnipro crossings continues. Mayor Vitali Klitschko said the strike hit the road surface and trolleybus cables; there were no casualties reported.

An Israeli airstrike on an apartment building in Gaza City's Remal neighborhood early Saturday killed at least five Palestinians and seriously injured at least six others, according to Gaza health officials and medical staff at al-Shifa Hospital. There was no immediate comment from the Israeli military.

Speaking at the Valdai Discussion Club in Moscow on October 1, Vladimir Putin said Russia would put "all weapons" in its arsenal — including nuclear weapons — on the agenda if its Baltic exclave of Kaliningrad were attacked. It was his personal endorsement of a warning Moscow first issued to NATO in a diplomatic note earlier this week.

The pro-government Tigray Peace Forces militia said on Friday it had recaptured Alula Aba Nega Airport in Mekelle, the capital of Ethiopia's Tigray region, and was clearing the city. Reuters said it could not immediately verify the claim, and the TPLF could not be reached for comment.

Russia's Foreign Ministry said Saturday it would continue systematic strikes on Kyiv and other Ukrainian cities and urged foreign nationals, including diplomats, to leave the capital, warning that 'responsibility for any adverse consequences lies entirely with those who ignore this warning.'

Ukraine's sea ports administration said a Liberian-flagged cargo ship was attacked at a Black Sea port in the Odesa region on Saturday, killing one person and injuring three, with 13 other crew members evacuated to safety, Reuters reported. Ukrainian authorities attributed the strike to Russia.

The Sudan Doctors Network said a drone strike attributed to the RSF killed at least 24 people, including eight children, when a vehicle carrying displaced families was hit near Rahad in North Kordofan on Saturday — a day after a separate drone attack on a WFP aid convoy killed one and wounded several, according to the UN's humanitarian coordinator in Sudan.

Saudi authorities said falling debris from an intercepted Houthi ballistic missile injured a resident in the Asir region, while a separate projectile struck a school in Najran, as the Saudi-led coalition reported intercepting three ballistic missiles and four drones over Khamis Mushayt on Friday.

Two members of Iran's UN General Assembly delegation were expelled from the United States after ignoring a State Department order to leave, as President Donald Trump said Saturday he will soon make a decision on Iran — 'either the easy way or the hard way' — and his defense secretary called the Strait of Hormuz blockade 'ironclad.'

Yemen's internationally recognized government's armed forces said they are striking 'vital targets' of the Houthi movement in the capital Sanaa and the Saada stronghold, after the Houthis claimed a missile-and-drone attack on Aramco facilities in Riyadh — a day that also saw at least 13 airstrikes on Sanaa City, per CTP-ISW.

The Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) was the longest conventional war of the 20th century: Iraq's invasion of post-revolutionary Iran became a trench-warfare stalemate with chemical weapons, the Tanker War, and total casualties estimated at one to two million. It ended with the borders unchanged.

Russian drones struck Kyiv's Southern Bridge for a second day on Friday, forcing the closure of the Southern and Paton bridges across the Dnipro, city authorities said — one person was killed and two injured in the capital. Hours earlier, Ukrainian drones hit industrial facilities in Volgograd, home to a major Russian oil refinery.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced on Thursday that Ukraine has used its domestically built FP-7 tactical ballistic missile in combat for the first time — a milestone for Kyiv's indigenous long-range strike program. Neither the target nor the location was disclosed, and the claim has not been independently verified.

Warplanes carried out 20 strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen's Taiz province on Friday, the Yemeni government's military said, in what Reuters described as the most serious escalation between Saudi Arabia and the Houthis since the 2022 truce. The escalation follows the Saudi-led coalition's accusation that the Houthis struck a power station in Medina supplying the Prophet's Mosque — a claim the Houthis deny.

Ethiopia closed its embassy in Asmara and expelled 10 Eritrean diplomats on Thursday; Eritrea responded by severing all diplomatic ties. The rupture — the biggest Horn-of-Africa escalation since the 2020–2022 war — came hours after overnight explosions were heard in Addis Ababa, which an opposition-linked source claimed were drone strikes, a claim Reuters could not independently verify.

The Pentagon is dispatching the USS Theodore Roosevelt carrier strike group and the Makin Island amphibious group to the Middle East, adding up to 10,000 sailors and Marines to a force already above 50,000, AP and the Wall Street Journal reported. The buildup could bring the region to three carrier strike groups for the first time since April, days after Trump rejected Iran's latest truce proposal.

Ethiopian government forces and allied militiamen closed to within striking distance of the Tigray regional capital Mekelle on Friday, residents and a diplomat told Reuters, in the worst escalation since the 2020–2022 civil war. TPLF chairperson Debretsion Gebremichael acknowledged his forces had lost ground and threatened a counter-attack.

Ukraine's Third Army Corps says more than 250 Russian troops surrendered during the third phase of Operation Vivaldi near Lyman in northern Donetsk — a claim international monitors have not independently verified but which the Institute for the Study of War says is consistent with confirmed Ukrainian territorial gains in the sector.

A Kuwaiti supertanker was struck by an unidentified projectile in the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday — the fifth UKMTO-reported tanker strike since September 28 — while a separate projectile hit Saudi Arabia's Yanbu oil export terminal on the Red Sea, briefly suspending loading at the kingdom's key Hormuz-bypass outlet.

Six officials told Reuters that Riyadh is preparing an offensive against the Iran-backed Houthis — a coastal push toward the Bab el-Mandeb Strait or a multi-front campaign mobilizing over 100,000 Yemeni troops — while the U.S. has declined a Saudi request for direct airstrikes, according to Axios.

South Sudan conflict explained: the world's youngest country is sliding back toward civil war as President Salva Kiir prepares December 22 elections — the first since independence — while his rival Riek Machar sits under house arrest on trial for treason. A guide to the Kiir–Machar rivalry, the collapsed 2018 peace deal, and where the crisis stands.

From the Defenestration of Prague in 1618 to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, a Bohemian revolt over religion mutated into a continental power struggle that killed an estimated 4.5–8 million people, redrew the map of Europe, and laid the foundations of the modern state system.

The first War & Markets weekly briefing: Brent crude swung around $100 a barrel as G7 stockpile releases collided with US carrier deployments, gold held above $4,180 an ounce, and US defense stocks slipped even as escalation headlines multiplied. Figures checked October 2, 2026, 7:00 PM CT.

The US military announced on September 30 that all American troops had left Iraq, completing an orderly departure from Erbil Air Base and formally ending Operation Inherent Resolve's mission in the country. The move closes a 23-year chapter of American military presence that began with the 2003 invasion — but leaves Kurdish allies anxious and Iran-backed militias celebrating.

Britain announced 31 new sanctions on October 1 aimed at Russia's war economy: LNG shadow-fleet vessels, Kremlin disinformation networks, and individuals accused of torturing Ukrainian civilians and militarizing deported Ukrainian children. The package comes as Russia's air campaign against Ukraine intensifies ahead of winter.

Pakistani aircraft struck two locations in Afghanistan's Kunar and Helmand provinces overnight, killing at least 10 civilians, most of them children, UNAMA confirmed. Islamabad says 22 militants were killed; the Taliban government condemned the strikes as 'an act of aggression.'

Counter-terrorism police arrested a 25-year-old British-Iranian dual national in London on Thursday, the sixth arrest in the probe of a suspected plot near RAF Fairford — the base US B-1 bombers have been using for strikes against Iran. PM Andy Burnham said there are 'strong indications' Iran played a part; Tehran denies any involvement.

Israeli strikes hit a passenger van in Gaza City's Tel al-Hawa neighborhood and a residential apartment on September 30, killing at least five people. Gaza's health officials say more than 1,400 Palestinians have now been killed since the October 2025 ceasefire — a ceasefire that survives in name only.

More than 120 armed groups operate in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The M23 rebellion — 30,000 to 40,000 fighters strong, widely reported to be backed by Rwanda — is the most powerful of them. Peace deals signed in late 2025 have not stopped the fighting. Here is the conflict, explained.

Russia launched nearly 190 drones and ballistic missiles at Ukraine on the night of September 29–30, targeting Kyiv's energy infrastructure in what ISW assesses is the opening of a winter-long campaign to degrade Ukraine's energy security and force capitulation.

From July 1936 to April 1939, Spain tore itself apart between a Republican government backed by the Soviet Union and international volunteers, and Nationalist rebels armed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Around 500,000 people died — and the world watched a preview of the coming global war.

Hans Grundberg met the Houthis' chief negotiator in Muscat to explore halting an escalation that has killed at least 838 people and displaced 145,000. The offensive, aided by Iranian experts per AP, captured Mokha and Red Sea islands — ending the 2022 ceasefire.

Russia launched a large combined ballistic-missile and drone attack on Kyiv and the surrounding region overnight, killing at least three people including a child, damaging energy infrastructure, and sending a drone into Moldovan airspace — Reuters and EA WorldView reported.

Russia sent NATO an informal document warning it would be ready to use its 'entire arsenal,' including nuclear weapons, if the alliance attempted to isolate the Kaliningrad exclave. Reuters reviewed the document; the Kremlin publicly confirmed sending it on September 30, and NATO denounced the 'irresponsible nuclear rhetoric.'

Britain's maritime security agency issued three delayed warnings on Wednesday covering tanker strikes from the day before — with one crude-oil tanker hit on its port side — adding to a growing backlog of late-reported attacks in the strait.

At least 30 men have been executed since August 23 in eastern Libya after what Amnesty calls 'grossly unfair, torture-tainted' secret military trials — ending a 15-year de facto moratorium, with 50 more at imminent risk.

The Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 destroyed the Second French Empire, killed an estimated 180,000–200,000 soldiers, cost France five billion francs and Alsace-Lorraine, and created a unified German Empire — the power shift that shaped Europe until 1945.

The Sudanese army chief refused Washington's reported condition — a 90-day ceasefire in exchange for a UN visa — and told a Khartoum rally his goal is to 'eliminate this militia, no matter the cost.'

Kyiv's public disclosure of a quiet handover of two North Korean prisoners of war has sparked a rare diplomatic clash with Seoul — which demanded an explanation and apology, while Ukraine says no secrecy deal ever existed.

The Treasury and State departments announced designations against 13 individuals and entities in Russia, China, Hong Kong, and Pakistan accused of feeding Iran's defense ministry — including a Russian aircraft maker and a Russian shipping firm.

An Israeli airstrike in Gaza City's Nasr neighbourhood killed Izz al-Din Al-Beik, head of Hamas' armed wing in the northern Gaza Strip — confirmed by Israeli officials, medics, and Hamas sources, according to Reuters.

President Trump says he offered Iran 'nothing' to end the seven-month war, rejecting reports of a sanctions-relief deal — even as US and Iranian officials held separate talks with mediators on Monday, Reuters reports.

More than 100 Israeli settlers set two homes ablaze in the West Bank village of Jalud, blocking a Palestinian family's military-escorted return and injuring three Israeli officers in clashes, Reuters reported.

Russian glide bombs struck a school and homes in the northern Ukrainian city of Sumy on Tuesday, killing two people and injuring six — including three children — after teachers evacuated about 100 people into a shelter, Reuters reported.

Russian presidential envoy Kirill Dmitriev met US officials in Washington on Monday to discuss ending the war in Ukraine and possible postwar US–Russia energy initiatives, a US official said Tuesday — the latest step in a fast-moving diplomatic sequence that includes a proposed energy-infrastructure ceasefire.

The last U.S. troops are scheduled to leave their remaining bases in Iraq by September 30, ending a 23-year military presence agreed off in 2024 — carried out by the Trump administration even as the U.S.-Iran war rages. Iraq, Iran's allies, and a nervous Kurdistan are watching what comes next.

The American Civil War (1861–1865) killed between 620,000 and 850,000 soldiers, ended slavery, and redefined the United States. Here is what caused the war, what it cost, and how it reshaped America.

Pakistan's military said this weekend it killed more than 71 militants in operations across Balochistan — the latest chapter in a 20-year separatist insurgency that escalated sharply this year. Here is who is fighting, what they want, and why it is getting worse.

Fought from 1853 to 1856 between Russia and an alliance of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia, the Crimean War introduced rifled guns, the war correspondent, and the telegraph — and its fallout reshaped Europe.

Kinshasa and the M23 rebels have signed a Doha framework deal and agreed a prisoner exchange, yet both sides keep trading ceasefire-violation claims in North and South Kivu. This M23 ceasefire update tracks what the deals say — and why fighting persists.

The Fano insurgency began in April 2023 when a militia that fought beside Ethiopia's army turned its guns on the government. Now Fano has allied with its old enemy the TPLF, and the Amhara conflict is pushing the country toward renewed civil war. Here is what is happening and why.

Gaza reconstruction will need $71.5 billion, the UN says — but almost a year after the ceasefire, Israel occupies 60% of the strip, Hamas has not disarmed, and not a single reconstruction project has begun. Here is what the plans say, and what is blocking them.

Drones now cause most casualties in Ukraine, and a 'kill zone' up to 10 kilometers deep has made moving on the battlefield nearly suicidal. How cheap FPV drones rewrote the grammar of war.

Wartime sanctions on Russia hinge on a $44.10 oil price cap, a shadow fleet of aging tankers, and a cat-and-mouse game of evasion. How the sanctions machine works — and why enforcement keeps lagging behind.

Iran's nuclear program is now the world's most closely watched blind spot: the IAEA says it has been 'completely blind' for over a year, 440 kg of 60%-enriched uranium is unaccounted for, and the Security Council has the file for the first time in 20 years.

Eight U.S. Marines — seven enlisted troops and one officer — were injured when an Iranian anti-ship cruise missile struck the vessel they were aboard in the Strait of Hormuz on September 14. NBC News, citing three U.S. officials, reported the incident on September 28 — the first public disclosure, two weeks after the attack.

The Kashmir flashpoint put two nuclear-armed rivals through four days of missile, drone and fighter-jet combat in May 2025 — the worst fighting since 1999. Here is why Kashmir keeps pulling India and Pakistan back to the brink.

The Korean War (1950–1953) killed millions, ended in an armistice rather than a peace treaty, and left the peninsula divided to this day. Here is why it started, what it cost, and why it still matters.

The Lebanon ceasefire has collapsed and been renegotiated twice: a 2024 truce that never held, and a June 2026 framework tying Israeli withdrawal to Hezbollah's disarmament. With UN peacekeepers leaving by year's end, here is what holds the border together.

Fifteen years after Gaddafi's fall, Libya remains split between rival governments in Tripoli and the east — and its oil wealth keeps the war frozen rather than finished. Here is how the Libya frozen conflict works.

Myanmar's civil war has killed more than 100,000 people since the 2021 coup — and a September 2026 airstrike on a Rakhine market that killed at least 33 shows how the junta's air campaign now punishes civilians far from any front line. Here is who is fighting, and why.

The death toll from a Myanmar military airstrike on the town of Kyauktaw in Rakhine State rose to 50 on Tuesday, per the Arakan Army and a local aid worker — the deadliest such attack in the state since December. Here is what is known, and the wider war it belongs to.

From about 1800 to 1815, Napoleonic France fought shifting alliances across the continent, ending at Waterloo. The wars cost hundreds of thousands of lives, strained treasuries to breaking point, and redrew Europe's map at the Congress of Vienna.

Nine multinational battlegroups, a new German brigade in Lithuania, a German-Dutch corps taking command in the Baltics — NATO's eastern flank has become the alliance's biggest reinforcement in a generation. Here is how the buildup works.

More than 50 members of Niger's security forces were killed in two attacks in the west of the country last week, sources told Reuters — the latest blow to a junta that seized power in 2023 and is losing ground to jihadist groups. The Islamic State Sahel Province has claimed responsibility.

The nine-dash line is the U-shaped mark on Chinese maps claiming most of the South China Sea — a claim an international tribunal ruled has no legal basis in 2016. Here is where the line came from, what the law says, and why the dispute keeps escalating.

North Korea's missile program has moved from pariah-state posturing to a live combat laboratory: Pyongyang is testing AI-guided missiles at home while supplying Russia with ballistic missiles for Ukraine. Here is how the arsenal works — and what Moscow gets in return.

A new Saudi-led Red Sea naval coalition joined the fight in 2026 after Houthi attacks on oil tankers — the third multinational force trying to secure the Bab el-Mandeb strait. Here is how the Red Sea naval coalition works, and why warships alone have not reopened the waterway.

In 1904–05, Japan — barely a generation removed from feudal rule — fought Russia to a standstill and won. It was the first modern victory of an Asian state over a European great power, and its shockwaves ran from Tokyo's bond markets to the streets of St. Petersburg.

Al-Shabaab has retaken ground across southern and central Somalia just as Washington moves to wind down the UN logistics keeping the African Union mission alive. Here is the state of the fight — and what could replace nearly two decades of multilateral security.

The Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1989) trapped a superpower in a grinding counterinsurgency, killed around 15,000 Soviet troops, displaced a third of Afghanistan's people, and ended with the withdrawal completed on February 15, 1989.

More than three years into Sudan's civil war, nearly 20 million people face acute hunger, 14 million are displaced, and aid funding is running dry. Here is the anatomy of the Sudan humanitarian crisis.

China's gray-zone pressure on Taiwan mixes live-fire drills, daily military incursions, cyberattacks and even sand dredgers to exhaust the island without starting a war. Here is how the coercion campaign works — and what it is meant to achieve.

The Ukraine frontline is 'static' after months of near-zero advances, ISW assesses — but Moscow is betting on a massive winter strike campaign to force Kyiv's surrender before spring 2027. Here is where the war stands.

The aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt left San Diego on September 27 bound for the Middle East, replacing the Japan-based USS George Washington. The deployment sustains the Navy's continuous carrier presence into the seventh month of the U.S.-Iran war — and may run longer than normal.

The Vietnam War killed millions and reshaped American institutions, Southeast Asia's borders, and Cold War politics — this explainer covers the causes, the casualty ranges, the economic costs, and the global consequences.

Ceasefires are only words on paper until someone watches them hold. From UN peacekeepers to the OSCE's unarmed observers in Ukraine, this is how ceasefire monitoring actually works — and why it so often fails.

Nearly two years after Bashar al-Assad's fall, Syria's interim government controls most of the country — including Damascus and Aleppo — after a January 2026 deal integrated Kurdish forces. But the transition is disputed, violence continues, and the Islamic State remains active. Here is who holds what, and why it matters.

World War I (1914–1918) killed millions, toppled four empires, and redrew the map of Europe. This explainer covers the causes of World War I, its casualty figures, economic fallout, and lasting legacy.

World War II (1939–1945) killed an estimated 40–50 million people, making it the deadliest war in history. This explainer covers the causes of World War II, its casualties, economic aftermath, and the institutions — from the UN to the Marshall Plan — it left behind.

Yemen's war has killed an estimated 377,000 people, left 19.5 million needing aid — and in September 2026 it exploded back onto the world stage as the Houthis seized the Red Sea coast and threatened the Bab el-Mandeb strait. Here is how the forgotten front works.

Russia struck the head office of Ukraine's largest mobile provider Kyivstar and a Vodafone data centre on Sunday — the latest and most symbolically significant escalation of its week-long bombardment of Ukrainian communications infrastructure.

Al-Qaeda's Sahel branch, JNIM, has killed hundreds of soldiers, strangled Mali's capital with a fuel blockade, and pushed three military juntas into a Russian-backed alliance. Here is how the Sahel conflict works — and why it matters.

Within 48 hours, the Philippines accused China of obstructing a resupply mission to Second Thomas Shoal — and China's military announced a naval and air exercise around Scarborough Shoal.

Drone attacks attributed to the RSF have shut down hospitals, water stations and power in El Obeid — while military sources report an unprecedented buildup of fighters from Darfur and West Kordofan ahead of a possible ground offensive.

Gaza's Health Ministry says 74,016 Palestinians have been killed since October 2023. A U.S.-brokered ceasefire holds in name, but its next steps — disarmament, a new government, reconstruction — have barely begun.

Before analysts trust a video from a war zone, they check four things: where it was filmed, when it was filmed, whether the file is authentic, and whether it already existed online. Here are the methods.

Since November 2023, Houthi attacks on commercial shipping have turned the Bab el-Mandeb strait — a chokepoint carrying a tenth of seaborne oil — into one of the world's most dangerous waterways.

Russian strikes hit the Kyiv headquarters of Kyivstar, Ukraine's largest mobile provider, on September 27 — part of a week-long campaign against data centres — while Ukraine struck refineries deep inside Russia.

Since April 2023, Sudan has been torn apart by a war between its army and a powerful paramilitary force — producing the world's largest displacement crisis, famine conditions, and a country effectively split in two.

The Rapid Support Forces have stepped up drone strikes on government-held towns in North Kordofan — including a courtroom and a college — as fears grow that El Obeid could face the fate of El Fasher.

A no-fly zone is not a line on a map. It is a military operation: fighters on patrol, enemy air defences destroyed first, and a legal mandate behind it all. Here is how they work, where they have been tried, and why leaders hesitate.

A 130-kilometre-wide waterway, the world's most important chip factories, an informal median line that no longer holds, and a US policy of deliberate ambiguity — the Strait is where geography, economics, and great-power politics collide.